Recent studies utilizing ecological metabolomics have shed light on the profound role that biotic interactions play in molding species diversity across varying elevations. By analyzing the complex biochemical signals exchanged between organisms, researchers have uncovered how competitive dynamics, mutualisms, and herbivory pressure shift with altitude, directly impacting community structure. For instance, mutualistic relationships often intensify at mid-elevations, promoting higher species coexistence, while increased herbivory at lower elevations can suppress certain species, shaping local diversity patterns.

Key biotic factors influencing elevational diversity…